The Fortifications of Cartagena de Indias

OVER A CENTURY OF PEACE HAS FREED Cartagena from its ever-present fear of military attack. Today, its ramparts are picturesque reminders of bygone days; and the presence of the Colombian naval fleet no more than an adornment to a pleasant setting. In Colonial times Cartageneros had a different perception: they lived for over two hundred years under protection of stone structures laid out to discourage the enemy, and for them, the city’s defenses were much more than a quaint sight. Spanish officials and merchants, clergymen and artisans, and even slaves, knew too well that fortresses correctly designed, solidly built, wisely equipped and, of course, well defended were essential for protection of life, honor and property.